Honey bees- but not most other bees- die after stinging because the stinger remains in the skin, attached to some of the bee's vital organs.
A bee's sting apparatus, with associated venom glands, remains in the beekeeper's skin to maximize venom delivery. The stinger also releases a banana-like odor that serves as a marker to other guard bees.
The most feared part of the bee: the stinger, with associated venom sac and accessory glands.