Pseudomyrmex spinicola acacia ants guarding a nest entrance. This species has a painful sting and a much more aggressive temperment than most other Pseudomyrmex, an effective deterrent to large vertebrate herbivores. Chiriqui, Panama

Pseudomyrmex spinicolaPseudomyrmaPseudomyrmexPseudomyrmecinaeformicidaeant plantants and plantsecologymutualismcoevolutionadaptationevolutionAcaciatropical ecologyinsectsinsectswollen thorn acaciabotanyscienceaggressiveorange