When threatened, a Polyrhachis militaris worker hunkers down with her protective spines thrust upward.

Kibale forest, Uganda
Male baridine weevils often have prosternal spines. The armaments are used to joust with competing males.

Armenia, Belize
Portrait of a little Nesomyrmex worker ant.

Icononzo, Tolima, Colombia
The long spines on this Polyrhachis ant protect the insect's vulnerable waist while still allowing a broad range of movement.

Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia
The long spines on this Polyrhachis ant protect the insect's vulnerable waist while still allowing a broad range of movement.

Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia
Proatta butteli worker carrying a young larva in the nest.

Danum Valley Field Centre, Sabah Borneo
Proatta butteli

Danum Valley Field Centre, Sabah Borneo
Proatta butteli worker carrying a young larva in the nest.

Danum Valley Field Centre, Sabah Borneo
Epopostruma frosti worker foraging on a Eucalyptus trunk.

Peebinga Conservation Park, South Australia
When threatened, a Polyrhachis militaris worker hunkers down with her protective spines thrust upward.

Kibale forest, Uganda
When threatened, a Polyrhachis militaris worker hunkers down with her protective spines thrust upward.

Kibale forest, Uganda
When threatened, a Polyrhachis militaris worker hunkers down with her protective spines thrust upward.

Kibale forest, Uganda
See photo in original gallery.
all images and text © Alex Wild 2001-2013