Trigona stingless bees rob nectar from a bird of paradise flower. Note the holes the bees have chewed in the petals, allowing them to take nectar without gathering pollen.

Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Tetragonisca angustula stingless bees at the nest entrance. This species is one of the few bee species other than the common honey bee to be managed for commercial honey production.

Morretes, Paraná, Brazil
A stingless bee guard at the nest entrance (Tetragonisca angustula).

Morretes, Paraná, Brazil
Procryptocerus hylaeus, worker (left) and queen.

Monte Verde, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Acropyga goeldii worker & alate queen. Workers are nearly blind, but queens have eyes to help navigate during their brief flight to start a new colony.

Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Synoeca cyanea, a South American social wasp in the family Vespidae, constructs distinctive mud nests.

Morretes, Paraná, Brazil
After a heavy rain, a Synoeca cyanea worker empties extra water from the colony's nest.

Morretes, Paraná, Brazil
Synoeca cyanea, a South American social wasp in the family Vespidae, constructs distinctive mud nests.

Morretes, Paraná, Brazil
A queen Atta texana Texas leafcutter ant sits amid her much smaller daughters in the fungus garden.

Laboratory colony at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Trigona stingless bees rob nectar from a bird of paradise flower. Note the holes the bees have chewed in the petals, allowing them to take nectar without gathering pollen.

Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Trigona stingless bees rob nectar from a bird of paradise flower. Note the holes the bees have chewed in the petals, allowing them to take nectar without gathering pollen.

Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Trigona stingless bees rob nectar from a bird of paradise flower. Note the holes the bees have chewed in the petals, allowing them to take nectar without gathering pollen.

Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
See photo in original gallery.
all images and text © Alex Wild 2001-2013