Breaking open a hollow twig in the Florida scrub reveals a nest of the twig ant Pseudomyrmex gracilis.

Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA
Pseudomyrmex gracilis dealate queen.

Archbold Biological Station, Florida, USA
Pseudomyrmex spinicola acacia ants guarding a nest entrance.  This species has a painful sting and a much more aggressive temperment than most other Pseudomyrmex, an effective deterrent to large vertebrate herbivores.  

Chiriqui, Panama
Not all of the thorns on a swollen-thorn Acacia house the ants' larvae, but those that do are heavily guarded.  Here, Pseudomyrmex spinicola patrol a nest entrance, ready to use their stings if the photographer approaches too close.  

Chiriqui, Panama.
Pseudomyrmex apache.  Ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex inhabit pre-existing cavities in wood and vegetation, in this case an old wood-boring beetle burrow.

Tucson, Arizona, USA
Pseudomyrmex pallidus

Tucson, Arizona, USA
The swollen thorns of this Panamanian Acacia tree house a colony of fierce Pseudomyrmex spinicola ants.  

Chiriqui, Panama
Cutting open the surprisingly soft flesh of an Acacia thorn reveals larvae and pupae of the Pseudomyrmex spinicola acacia ant.  

Chiriqui, Panama.
Friend or Foe? Two Pseudomyrmex spinicola acacia ant nestmates evaluate each other at the nest entrance. 

Panama City, Panama
Pseudomyrmex spinicola acacia ants guarding a nest entrance. This species has a painful sting and a much more aggressive temperment than most other Pseudomyrmex, an effective deterrent to large vertebrate herbivores.

Chiriqui, Panama
Pseudomyrmex spinicola acacia ants guarding a nest entrance.  This species has a painful sting and a much more aggressive temperment than most other Pseudomyrmex, an effective deterrent to large vertebrate herbivores.  

Chiriqui, Panama
Pseudomyrmex spinicola acacia ants guarding a nest entrance. This species has a painful sting and a much more aggressive temperment than most other Pseudomyrmex, an effective deterrent to large vertebrate herbivores.

Chiriqui, Panama
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all images and text © Alex Wild 2001-2013