The swollen stem of a Cordia nodosa plant houses a symbiotic colony of Azteca ants. The ants protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for lodging.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
Camponotus (Myrmmobrachys) workers feed from a bird dropping. These ants house bacterial symbionts (Blochmannia) in their guts that allow them to process such nitrogen-rich resources.

Alluriquín, Pichincha, Ecuador
A Camponotus (Myrmmobrachys) ant feeds from the nectaries of an Inga plant. The plant presumably gains protection from herbivorous insects by attracting ants in this manner.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
The stem-hugging galleries of Allomerus octoarticulatus ants are made of fungal hyphae growing through a matrix of detritus.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
A colony of tiny Allomerus octoarticulatus ants inhabits the swollen domatia of a Cordia nodosa understory shrub.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
Ectatomma ruidum feeds from an Inga nectary.

Alluriquín, Pichincha, Ecuador
A Linepithema iniquum worker collects honeydew from a flat scale insect.

Maquipucuna reserve, Pichincha, Ecuador
Ectatomma tuberculatum workers tend to a membracid nymph.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
Ectatomma tuberculatum workers tend to a membracid nymph.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
A colony of tiny Allomerus octoarticulatus ants inhabits the swollen domatia of a Cordia nodosa understory shrub.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
A colony of tiny Allomerus octoarticulatus ants inhabits the swollen domatia of a Cordia nodosa understory shrub.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
A colony of tiny Allomerus octoarticulatus ants inhabits the swollen domatia of a Cordia nodosa understory shrub.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
See photo in original gallery.
all images and text © Alex Wild 2001-2013