Formica montana tending Publilia treehopper nymphs for honeydew.

Lake Forest, Illinois, USA
A scale insect tended by Crematogaster ants.

Carrancas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
An Acropyga goeldii worker carries a mealybug.

Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Formica montana tending Publilia treehopper nymphs for honeydew.

Lake Forest, Illinois, USA
Prenolepis imparis tending aphids for honeydew.

Lake Forest, Illinois, USA
Plants of the genus Inga have nectaries on the upper surface of their leaves to attract ants that may remove the plants' herbivores.This one has brought in a Camponotus carpenter ant.

Napo, Ecuador
A Linepithema iniquum worker collects honeydew from a flat scale insect.

Maquipucuna reserve, Pichincha, Ecuador
A colony of tiny Allomerus octoarticulatus ants inhabits the swollen domatia of a Cordia nodosa understory shrub.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
The swollen stem of a Cordia nodosa plant houses a symbiotic colony of Azteca ants. The ants protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for lodging.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
Formica montana tending Publilia treehopper nymphs for honeydew.

Lake Forest, Illinois, USA
Formica montana tending Publilia treehopper nymphs for honeydew.

Lake Forest, Illinois, USA
Formica montana tending Publilia treehopper nymphs for honeydew.

Lake Forest, Illinois, USA
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all images and text © Alex Wild 2001-2013