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Larva of the great copper Lycaena xanthoides. San Diego Co., California, USA
A Formica francoeuri field ant worker tending to the larva of a Great Copper butterfly (Lycaena xanthoides). The caterpillar produces secretions attractive to ants, and in turn the ants protect the caterpillar from predators and parasites. San Diego Co., California, USA
Podomyrma adelaidae tends to a Lycaenid caterpillar. These caterpillars secrete substances that the ants find attractive, and the ants in turn provide protection from parasites. Poochera, South Australia
Podomyrma adelaidae tends to a Lycaenid caterpillar. These caterpillars secrete substances that the ants find attractive, and the ants in turn provide protection from parasites. Poochera, South Australia
A Formica francoeuri field ant worker tending to the larva of a Great Copper butterfly (Lycaena xanthoides). The caterpillar produces secretions attractive to ants, and in turn the ants protect the caterpillar from predators and parasites. San Diego Co., California, USA
A Formica francoeuri field ant worker tending to a Lycaena xanthoides larva. The larva produces secretions attractive to ants, and in turn the ants protect the larva from predators and parasites. San Diego Co., California, USA
A Formica francoeuri field ant worker tending to a Lycaena xanthoides larva. The larva produces secretions attractive to ants, and in turn the ants protect the larva from predators and parasites. San Diego Co., California, USA
A Formica francoeuri field ant worker tending to the larva of a Great Copper butterfly (Lycaena xanthoides). The caterpillar produces secretions attractive to ants, and in turn the ants protect the caterpillar from predators and parasites. San Diego Co., California, USA
A Formica francoeuri field ant worker tending to a pair of Great Copper (Lycaena xanthoides) larvae. The larva produces secretions attractive to ants, and in turn the ants protect the larva from predators and parasites. San Diego Co., California, USA
A Formica francoeuri field ant worker tending to the larva of a Great Copper butterfly (Lycaena xanthoides). The caterpillar produces secretions attractive to ants, and in turn the ants protect the caterpillar from predators and parasites.

San Diego Co., California, USA
A Formica francoeuri field ant worker tending to the larva of a Great Copper butterfly (Lycaena xanthoides). The caterpillar produces secretions attractive to ants, and in turn the ants protect the caterpillar from predators and parasites. San Diego Co., California, USA
A Formica francoeuri field ant worker tending to the larva of a Great Copper butterfly (Lycaena xanthoides). The caterpillar produces secretions attractive to ants, and in turn the ants protect the caterpillar from predators and parasites.

San Diego Co., California, USA
See photo in original gallery.
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all images and text © Alex Wild 2001-2013