Argentine ants (Linepithema humile tending scale insects on an orange tree in suburban California.

Davis, California, USA
Sonoran desert cacti are frequently covered in ants.  Cacti provide ants with nectar- a ready food supply in a harsh environment- in exchange for protection from herbivorous insects.  Here, two Crematogaster opuntiae acrobat ants exchange nectar they have gathered from a chain-link cholla.

Tucson, Arizona, USA
Crematogaster opuntiae gathering nectar from a cholla cactus.

Tucson, Arizona, USA
Uneasy relationship: a Trachymyrmex fungus-growing ant (left) encounters a Megalomyrmex adamsae that is a parasite of her nest.

Panama; captive colony at the University of Texas
Argentine ants (Linepithema humile tending scale insects on an orange tree in suburban California.

Davis, California, USA
Linepithema humile, the Argentine ant, tending a citrus scale insect for honeydew.  

Davis, California, USA
Formica aerata, the California grey field ant, tending aphids on a willow branch.

Hallelujah Junction, California, USA
Sonoran desert cacti are frequently covered in ants.  Cacti provide ants with nectar- a ready food supply in a harsh environment- in exchange for protection from herbivorous insects.  Here, two Crematogaster opuntiae acrobat ants exchange nectar they have gathered from a chain-link cholla.

Tucson, Arizona, USA
Sonoran desert cacti are frequently covered in ants.  Cacti provide ants with nectar- a ready food supply in a harsh environment- in exchange for protection from herbivorous insects.  Here, two Crematogaster opuntiae acrobat ants exchange nectar they have gathered from a chain-link cholla.

Tucson, Arizona, USA
Argentine ants (Linepithema humile tending scale insects on an orange tree in suburban California.

Davis, California, USA
Argentine ants (Linepithema humile tending scale insects on an orange tree in suburban California.

Davis, California, USA
Argentine ants (Linepithema humile tending scale insects on an orange tree in suburban California.

Davis, California, USA
See photo in original gallery.
all images and text © Alex Wild 2001-2013