The swollen stem of a Cordia nodosa plant houses a symbiotic colony of Azteca ants. The ants protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for lodging. The large ant at center is the queen.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
The swollen stem of a Cordia nodosa plant houses a symbiotic colony of Azteca ants. The ants protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for lodging. The large ant at center is the queen.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
The swollen stem of a Cordia nodosa plant houses a symbiotic colony of Azteca ants. The ants protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for lodging. The large ant at center is the queen.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
The stem-hugging galleries of Allomerus octoarticulatus ants are made of fungal hyphae growing through a matrix of detritus.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
The intricate galleries in this underground nest of Lasius umbratus ants are made possible by a fungus that grows within a matrix of wood pulp sculpted by the ants.

Vermillion River Observatory, Illinois, USA
The intricate galleries in this underground nest of Lasius umbratus are made possible by a fungus that grows within a matrix of wood pulp sculpted by the ants.

Vermillion River Observatory, Illinois, USA
The intricate galleries in this underground nest of Lasius umbratus are made possible by a fungus that grows within a matrix of wood pulp sculpted by the ants.

Vermillion River Observatory, Illinois, USA
The intricate galleries in this underground nest of Lasius umbratus ants are made possible by a fungus that grows within a matrix of wood pulp sculpted by the ants.

Vermillion River Observatory, Illinois, USA
Pseudomyrmex spinicola acacia ants guarding a nest entrance.  This species has a painful sting and a much more aggressive temperment than most other Pseudomyrmex, an effective deterrent to large vertebrate herbivores.  

Chiriqui, Panama
The swollen stem of a Cordia nodosa plant houses a symbiotic colony of Azteca ants. The ants protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for lodging. The large ant at center is the queen.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
The swollen stem of a Cordia nodosa plant houses a symbiotic colony of Azteca ants. The ants protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for lodging. The large ant at center is the queen.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
The swollen stem of a Cordia nodosa plant houses a symbiotic colony of Azteca ants. The ants protect the plant from herbivores in exchange for lodging. The large ant at center is the queen.

Jatun Sacha reserve, Napo, Ecuador
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all images and text © Alex Wild 2001-2013