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Flowers make nectar to attract competent pollinators, but the strategy falls short when nectar thieves cut into the flowers and bypass the pollen. Here, a Trigona stingless bee robs nectar from a bird of paradise flower. Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
In warmer climates, honey bees (Apis mellifera) will sometimes construct their nests out in the open. Davis, California, USA
Apis mellifera - Honey bee. Melbourne, Australia. filename: Apis2
Flowers make nectar to attract competent pollinators, but the strategy falls short when nectar thieves cut into the flowers and bypass the pollen. Here, a Trigona stingless bee robs nectar from a bird of paradise flower.

Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Flowers make nectar to attract competent pollinators, but the strategy falls short when nectar thieves cut into the flowers and bypass the pollen. Here, a Trigona stingless bee robs nectar from a bird of paradise flower. Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
Flowers make nectar to attract competent pollinators, but the strategy falls short when nectar thieves cut into the flowers and bypass the pollen. Here, a Trigona stingless bee robs nectar from a bird of paradise flower.

Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
See photo in original gallery.
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all images and text © Alex Wild 2001-2013